EM算法在卫星轨道计算中的应用

利用精密星历文件计算卫星轨道坐标,现今较常用的方法是拉格朗日插值法和切比雪夫拟合法.在实际应用中,8阶拉格朗日内插或者12阶切比雪夫拟合即可达到厘米级精度.然而,IGS精密星历文件经常会受到卫星信号限制等原因导致部分数据失真或缺失.在数据缺失或数据量较少的情况下,无法采用高阶的插值法或拟合法.只能降阶对其插值或拟合,从而导致计算精度降低.采用EM算法,添加与卫星轨道信息相关的“潜在数据”,可以有效解决这一问题,大大提高卫星拟合的精度.     

无线传感器网络和遥感技术结合监测煤矿环境地质

针对矿区环境地质监测面临的主要问题,本文探讨了结合无线传感器网络技术和遥感技术对矿区进行环境地质监测的方案,并针对该方案面临的问题与难点,提出了运用这两种技术在矿区建立植被净初值生产力(NPP)动态模型来实时监测矿区的环境地质状况的设想。     

Fengyun-4 Geostationary Satellite-Based Solar Energy Nowcasting System and Its Application in North China

Surface solar irradiance (SSI) nowcasting (0–3 h) is an effective way to overcome the intermittency of solar energy and to ensure the safe operation of grid-connected solar power plants. In this study, an SSI estimate and nowcasting system was established using the near-infrared channel of Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) geostationary satellite. The system is composed of two key components: The first is a hybrid SSI estimation method combining a physical clear-sky model and an empirical cloudy-sky model. The second component is the SSI nowcasting model, the core of which is the derivation of the cloud motion vector (CMV) using the block-matching method. The goal of simultaneous estimation and nowcasting of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and direct normal irradiance (DNI) is fulfilled. The system was evaluated under different sky conditions using SSI measurements at Xianghe, a radiation station in the North China Plain. The results show that the accuracy of GHI estimation is higher than that of DNI estimation, with a normalized root-mean-square error (nRMSE) of 22.4% relative to 45.4%. The nRMSE of forecasting GHI and DNI at 30–180 min ahead varied within 25.1%–30.8% and 48.1%–53.4%, respectively. The discrepancy of SSI estimation depends on cloud occurrence frequency and shows a seasonal pattern, being lower in spring–summer and higher in autumn–winter. The FY-4A has great potential in supporting SSI nowcasting, which promotes the development of photovoltaic energy and the reduction of carbon emissions in China. The system can be improved further if calibration of the empirical method is improved.     

Record Arctic Ozone Loss in Spring 2020 is Likely Caused by North Pacific Warm Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

Record ozone loss was observed in the Arctic stratosphere in spring 2020. This study aims to determine what caused the extreme Arctic ozone loss. Observations and simulation results are examined in order to show that the extreme Arctic ozone loss was likely caused by record-high sea surface temperatures(SSTs) in the North Pacific. It is found that the record Arctic ozone loss was associated with the extremely cold and persistent stratospheric polar vortex over February–April, and the extremely cold vortex was a result of anomalously weak planetary wave activity. Further analysis reveals that the weak wave activity can be traced to anomalously warm SSTs in the North Pacific. Both observations and simulations show that warm SST anomalies in the North Pacific could have caused the weakening of wavenumber-1 wave activity, colder Arctic vortex, and lower Arctic ozone. These results suggest that for the present-day level of ozone-depleting substances, severe Arctic ozone loss could form again, as long as certain dynamic conditions are satisfied.     

滨海湿地不同密度柽柳林土壤调蓄水功能

为探求黄河三角洲湿地土壤调蓄水功能的合理柽柳林密度,采用测量土壤入渗过程和水分物理参数相结合的方法,对不同密度柽柳林的土壤蓄水功能和水分调节能力进行研究。结果表明:①柽柳林随密度的增大具有显著提高细砂粒和降低粉黏粒含量的作用;中密度林分降盐抑碱效应明显,各密度林分表层盐碱含量低于20~40 cm土层;②土壤容重随林分密度增大表现为先减小后增大,孔隙度状况则与之相反,中密度、高密度、草地总孔隙度均值分别比低密度林分高12.9%、6.2%、4.4%;对表层的改良效果好于20~40 cm土层;③Horton模型可较好地模拟柽柳林的土壤入渗过程,中密度林分渗透性能最好,高密度次之,低密度最差;④饱和蓄水量、吸持蓄水量、滞留蓄水量及涵蓄降水量均表现为中密度>高密度>草地>低密度,表土层的水分调蓄功能好于下层;中密度、高密度、草地涵蓄降水量分别比低密度林分高28.4%、23.8%、14.1%。中密度柽柳林具有巨大的水分调蓄空间,其次为高密度,而低密度林分较差。     

煤和干酪根纳米结构的研究进展

对煤和干酪根结构的认识得益于技术和方法的不断创新。基于各种方法,先后建立了多个煤和干酪根的结构模型,但至今没有得到普遍认可。原子力显微镜(AFM)可以实时、实空间、原位成像,可以观察单个原子层的局部表面结构,直接观察表面缺陷、表面重构、表面吸附体的形态和位置以及表面扩散等动态过程。在对图像的分析中,AFM超越了传统仪器单纯平面成像的功能,可提供样品表面动态三维图像和用于分析的定量化信息。通过纳米技术,实现了原子级的分辨率的观察,揭示了煤和干酪根聚集态分子和纳米级孔隙的形态、大小、结构及相互间的空间排列特征,显示出在煤和干酪根结构研究中的巨大潜力。纳米技术为煤和干酪根结构的基础研究工作拓展了新的途径,也为非常规油气的勘探开发和煤炭的二次转化研究提供了科学依据。     

渤中凹陷石南斜坡区古近系中深层优质储层特征

运用薄片镜下观察、物性分析、扫描电镜、X衍射及阴极发光等分析手段,对渤中凹陷石南斜坡区古近系中深层储层特征和成岩作用进行了研究.结果表明,渤中凹陷石南斜坡区古近系中深层储层砂岩类型以岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主,部分为湖相碳酸盐与陆源碎屑混合沉积.孔隙类型以粒内溶孔和粒间溶孔为主,储集性好,孔隙度一般为20％左右,渗透率为100×10-3 μm2～1 000×10-3 μm2,为高孔—高渗储层.区内古近系中深层储层中发育有3个次生孔隙发育带,分别为2 500 m～2 800 m次生孔隙发育带、3 200 m～3 400 m次生孔隙发育带和3 700 m～3 900 m次生孔隙发育带.以贫石英、富长石为特征的储层具备了在中深层形成次生孔隙的基础,孔隙演化与成岩演化具有耦合关系,成岩演化是控制储层发育至关重要的因素,溶蚀作用是形成中深部优质储层最重要的建设性成岩作用.     

海南岛主要河流水体中重金属元素迁移富集特征

河流体系中的重金属元素主要存在于悬浮颗粒物、溶解相和沉积物三部分中.选择海南岛12条主要河流,分别在丰水期和枯水期采集过滤水、悬浮物及水系沉积物样品,分析重金属元素在过滤水、悬浮物及水系沉积物中的含量特征,总结水体中重金属元素的地球化学迁移方式及富集特征,查明重金属元素迁移富集的主要影响因素.     

眉山市地质灾害发育分布特征及控制影响因素

眉山市地质灾害隐患数量多,分布广泛,险情较严重.地质灾害隐患点以滑坡、不稳定斜坡和崩塌为主.主要分在市境内的中山、低山和深丘等地质灾害高易发区和地质灾害中易发地区.发生时间多集中每年在6～9月的雨季高易发期.地质灾害发育分布主要受地形地貌、地质构造和岩性组合的控制,而降雨和人类不合理工程经济活动则是眉山市地质灾害发生的主要引发因素.     

西藏那木如辉绿岩岩脉的年代学和地球化学特征

那木如辉绿岩具有较高的TiO2和P2O5含量,Mg#是0.6～0.7,表明岩石经中等程度或轻微的斜长石分离结晶作用;富集Rb、K、Th、Ba,亏损Nb、Ti、Ta和Zr、Hf,轻稀土富集,且具有负Eu的异常,表明岩石具有岛弧岩浆的性质.对那木如辉绿岩进行SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年,其形成年龄值为64±1 Ma(2σ,MSWD=2.4),即辉绿岩结晶年龄.本次定年的结果正好处于西雅鲁藏布北亚带洋盆向北对拉萨地体南缘之下的俯冲(晚白垩世至早第三纪)时期内,说明那木如辉绿岩为此次俯冲形成的岛弧岩浆岩.位于冈底斯弧南侧的西雅鲁藏布北亚带蛇绿岩被第三系磨拉石不整合覆盖,说明蛇绿岩侵位时间早于第三系,与那木如辉绿岩的侵位年龄接近.由此可见,正是形成那木如岛弧岩浆岩的俯冲构造事件导致了西雅鲁藏布北亚带蛇绿岩的构造侵位.